Small pet nutrition basics: hay, pellets, fresh foods (simple rules that prevent problems)

Quick answer

For many small pets, the best “default plan” is simple: keep the base diet consistent and use fresh foods as measured extras. For rabbits and guinea pigs, unlimited hay is often a cornerstone.

The 3-part feeding framework

1. Base diet (the “always” food)
2. Measured pellets (support, not the whole diet)
3. Fresh foods (variety, hydration, enrichment)

Rabbit + guinea pig basics (high-level)

• Hay: often available all day
• Pellets: measured (more is not always better)
• Fresh greens: introduce slowly and keep portions consistent
• Guinea pigs: require vitamin C support (ask your vet what’s appropriate)

Hamsters + rats (high-level)

• Use a reliable species-appropriate staple (often called blocks or a balanced mix)
• Treats should be small and occasional
• Scatter feeding and foraging reduces boredom

Ferrets and other specialized species

Some small pets have very specific diets. If you’re considering a species like ferret, confirm diet requirements and vet access before adopting.

The most common feeding mistakes

• Big diet changes overnight
• Too many treats “because they’re small”
• Overfeeding pellets and skipping enrichment/foraging
• Giving sugary snacks often

FAQ

How often should I feed fresh foods?

Start small and build a routine. Consistency matters more than variety in week one.

Can I switch food brands?

Yes, but do it gradually to avoid stomach issues.

My pet is picky. Should I keep offering new foods?

Offer tiny amounts alongside the stable base diet. Don’t swap the base diet repeatedly.

Next step

Want a beginner-safe “daily menu” you can follow in 2 minutes?