Litter box problems: how to fix peeing or pooping outside the box

Quick answer

Treat litter box problems like a checklist, not a battle. First rule out medical causes, then fix the basics: box count, cleanliness, location, and litter preference. Most cases improve quickly when you remove the reason your cat is avoiding the box.

Step 1: rule out medical causes (important)

Call a vet quickly if:

• your cat strains, cries, or visits the box repeatedly with little output
• there is blood in urine or stool
• accidents started suddenly, especially in adult cats
• your cat seems painful, lethargic, or stops eating

Urinary issues can become urgent, especially in male cats.

Step 2: do the “box basics” reset

Box count

• Aim for one box per cat, plus one extra.
• In small homes, start with two boxes in different quiet locations.

Cleanliness

• Scoop at least once a day.
• Fully wash the box regularly with mild soap.
• Replace litter completely when it smells even after scooping.

Location

• Choose quiet, accessible spots.
• Avoid placing the box next to loud appliances.
• Avoid placing it right next to food and water.

Step 3: match litter to your cat’s preference

Common preference issues:

• scented litter (many cats dislike it)
• sudden brand changes
• covered boxes (some cats feel trapped)
• box too small (cats need room to turn)

A safe test:

• offer two boxes side-by-side for a week
• change only one variable (litter type, box style, or location)
• keep the winning option

Step 4: clean accidents the right way

• Use an enzymatic cleaner.
• Do not use ammonia-based cleaners.
• Block repeat spots temporarily (foil, furniture move, closed door).

If a spot still smells “like toilet” to your cat, they will return.

Step 5: look for stress and conflict

Triggers can include:

• new people, pets, or construction noise
• a move or furniture changes
• a second cat blocking access to the box

Fixes that help:

• add another box in a different route
• add vertical space (cat tree or shelves)
• schedule daily play (5 to 10 minutes)

If your cat is pooping outside the box only

Consider:

• constipation or pain
• box too dirty or too small
• litter texture dislike

If stool is hard, your cat strains, or poops are infrequent, talk to a vet.

FAQ

My cat pees right next to the box. Why?

Often the box is “almost acceptable” but something feels off: cleanliness, litter texture, or stress. Do the basics reset first.

Should I punish my cat for accidents?

No. Punishment increases stress and usually makes the problem worse. Focus on removing the reason the box is being avoided.

How long should it take to improve?

Many cats improve within a few days once the box setup matches their preference and the environment is calm. If there is no improvement, involve a vet and consider a behavior consult.

Next step

Not sure which pet fits your routine and home setup best?